Understanding breast cancer genetic testing
Breast cancer, often referred to as the big C, remains a significant health concern for women worldwide. While it's not a topic that many of us relish discussing, raising awareness and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are critical steps in mitigating the risk of cancer.
Genetic testing plays a pivotal role in this process, enabling early detection and intervention.
How cancer develops
Cancer begins when cells within the body start growing uncontrollably. These rogue cells can quickly multiply, forming lumps (known as tumours). They start to infiltrate surrounding tissues and can potentially spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer is a complicated disease and even after many advancements, there’s still a long way to go. Doctors are still learning about the condition and its numerous triggers and risk factors. It’s unfortunate that even if you are in excellent health, you may still face a risk of cancer if there's a family history of hereditary cancers.
Hereditary cancers are linked to genetic mutations that might be inherited from parents. Typically, genes come in pairs, with one from each parent. When one of these genes carries a mutation, it increases the possibility of developing a particular type of cancer, but it doesn't assure that cancer will occur.
In many cases, the normal copy of the gene can prevent excessive cell growth. However, if the normal gene also sustains damage from factors like chemicals, radiation or smoking, the risk of cancer escalates further.
The role of genetic testing
Genetic testing for breast cancer involves analysing a person's DNA to identify specific changes or mutations in particular genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes are known to heighten the likelihood of breast cancer.
The results of testing can reveal whether a person carries mutations in these genes associated with breast cancer. If these mutations are lurking or present, the person may have a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to those without these mutations.
These test results are instrumental in helping patients and their doctors assess their individual risk of breast cancer. Armed with this information, we can all make informed decisions about lifestyle changes, treatments and medication.
What happens next?
If a genetic mutation is detected in your DNA, your specialist will create a personalised care plan tailored to your unique needs. This plan may involve more frequent screenings, preventive medications, or, in some cases, considering surgeries like a mastectomy.
Furthermore, genetic testing can help you determine whether other family members might also be at risk for breast cancer due to the same genetic mutation. This knowledge can guide their own personal healthcare decisions and encourage a healthier lifestyle and more frequent screenings.
In some situations, genetic testing can even influence treatment decisions if you've already been diagnosed with breast cancer. Specific genetic mutations may make targeted therapies more effective for you. Genetic testing for breast cancer equips you with valuable insights, empowering you to take proactive steps in reducing your risk or detecting breast cancer at an earlier and more treatable stage. It's an important tool for personalised healthcare and managing your risk.
Good to know
According to the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), "Every individual has some risk of developing cancer and in most cases, the disease develops by chance. However, some people are genetically predisposed to developing certain types of cancer. These people have a higher risk of developing the disease than those in the general public."
This information underscores the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle and, where feasible, exploring options for genetic testing to better understand and manage your personal risk.
Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only. Always check with your doctor or medical practitioner about any health concerns, before embarking on any fitness or nutrition programme, or using any medication.