What is a colonoscopy and when is it necessary?
It’s not the most appealing topic but a necessary one when it comes to its broader health implications. A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that’s done in order to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
It involves the use of a flexible, lighted tube with a camera at its end, called a colonoscope, which is inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon. This procedure is typically performed by a gastroenterologist or a colorectal surgeon.
When is a colonoscopy necessary?
A colonoscopy is commonly used for colorectal cancer screening. It can help to detect and remove precancerous growths (polyps) before they become cancerous, potentially preventing colorectal cancer. This technique helps in diagnosing various gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic diarrhoea.
People with a history of colorectal polyps, colorectal cancer or certain other conditions may require regular colonoscopies to monitor their colon health. When a person experiences symptoms like rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits or unexplained weight loss, a colonoscopy may be necessary to identify the underlying cause.
How it works
During the procedure, the patient is usually sedated or given anaesthesia to make them comfortable and minimise discomfort.
The colonoscope is gently inserted through the rectum and guided through the entire length of the colon. The camera on the colonoscope transmits real-time images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to examine the colon's lining. If polyps or abnormalities are detected, they can be removed or biopsied during the procedure.
Is it safe?
Thanks to its intrusive nature, this surgery can be uncomfortable as the colonoscope exerts pressure as it’s inserted and moved through the colon. Still, this pain should be minimal thanks to the sedative. Other potential effects include bloating and gas. This typically happens after the procedure because of the air that’s introduced into the colon during the procedure. The gas and bloating should resolve within a few hours.
In rare cases, minor bleeding can occur at the site where a polyp is removed or a biopsy is taken. This usually stops on its own but still needs to be reported to your doctor. Another small risk to consider is an infection or a perforation. Perforation can occur when the colonoscope punctures the colon wall. If this happens, you need immediate medical care.
How should I prepare?
Preparing for a colonoscopy is essential to ensure the procedure is successful and that your colon is adequately cleaned for a clear view by the doctor.
- Schedule your colonoscopy with a healthcare provider and give them the heads-up on any medical conditions or if you’re on specific medications.
- Your doctor will provide clear instructions tailored to your needs. Your healthcare provider will likely prescribe a colonoscopy preparation kit, which usually includes a laxative solution and clear liquid diet guidelines.
- A few days before the procedure, you will need to follow a restricted diet. Typically, this includes avoiding high-fibre foods like fruits, vegetables, seeds and nuts.
- On the day before the colonoscopy, you'll need to switch to a clear liquid diet. Examples of clear liquids include water, clear broth, tea, coffee (without milk), apple juice and sports drinks.
- The day before the colonoscopy, you should stop eating solid foods. Stick to clear liquids only to help clear your digestive system.
Tips
- It's important to stay hydrated throughout the preparation process. Drink clear fluids but avoid alcohol and drinks with red or purple colouring.
- The day before the colonoscopy, plan to stay close to the restroom, as you'll have multiple bowel movements.
- Follow your doctor's instructions regarding the timing of when to start the bowel prep and when to stop taking in liquids before the procedure.
- Inform your doctor about all the medications you're taking, especially blood-thinning or antiplatelet drugs, as you may need to adjust or temporarily stop taking them before the procedure.
- After the colonoscopy, your doctor will discuss the results and any necessary follow-up care.
Good to know
Be proactive about your health. A colonoscopy is a valuable tool for both the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal conditions.
Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only. Always check with your doctor or medical practitioner about any health concerns, before embarking on any fitness or nutrition programme, or using any medication.