Mosquito repellents: keeping bites at bay

It’s the buzzing noise of nightmares for those who are prone to mosquito bites, scary enough to send you running straight for the nearest citronella candle or mosquito spray!

First, why do mosquitoes gravitate to some people more than others? It’s surprisingly complicated. Some evidence points to mosquitoes being attracted to the carbon dioxide that we exhale, a particular skin odour, or lactic acid found in sweat, and various other factors. Which is why you may find that you’re a mosquito magnet while someone else escapes the bites and itches.

How do mosquito repellents work?

Mosquito repellents are substances designed to keep mosquitoes away and prevent bites. These substances work by masking our human scent to “repel” mosquitoes or transmitting a smell that mosquitoes find unpleasant. Repellents come in various forms, including: 

• Sprays and lotions often contain ingredients like DEET which is one of the most popular ingredients that helps ward off mosquitoes. Many repellents also contain natural oils (e.g. citronella and eucalyptus). 
• If you’ve browsed the pharmacy aisle, you’ve probably also seen wearable repellents such as bracelets, patches, and clothing that are treated with insect-repelling chemicals. 
• For home remedies, many people turn to essential oils, citronella candles, vinegar, and other plant-based solutions. 
• We also have options like mosquito coils, plug-in diffusers, and treated nets. 

Mosquito repellents help reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika virus.

How are mosquito repellents created?

The process starts by researching and mixing the specific ingredients that will help keep mosquitoes away. Scientists will choose the “active ingredient” such as DEET. If it’s a natural oil, citronella may be chosen. The ingredients are combined with other substances such as water, alcohol, or aloe vera to ensure the product can be applied without harming the person and with minimal irritation. The products must then go through safety and effectiveness tests before being approved to be sold on shelves. Before selling, repellents are tested to check how well they work against mosquitoes, how long they last before wearing off, and if they are safe for your skin and health.

Do mosquito repellents cause side-effects?

Generally, most repellents do the job they’ve been created for. Still, not everyone’s skin reacts perfectly to a spray or balm. Here’s what to watch out for:

• Skin irritation. Some people may break out in rashes, skin redness, or itching, especially if the repellent contains strong chemicals like DEET.
• Watch for irritation in your eyes and throat. Certain sprays with alcohol or strong scents can cause discomfort if inhaled or if they get into your eyes.
• Some people may have allergic reactions. Some natural oils (like citronella or eucalyptus) can cause allergies if you’re sensitive to that mixture.
• Toxicity from swallowing. Accidentally ingesting repellents (especially children putting hands in their mouths after application) can lead to nausea, dizziness, or vomiting.

Staying safe

• Follow the instructions as directed. Use the right amount and avoid over-applying.
• Avoid the eyes and mouth. Spray the repellent on your hands first before applying to your face.
• Be sure to wash your hands after using the repellent, especially before eating or touching food.
• Use age-appropriate repellents; this is why it’s important to read the instructions. Some formulas and combinations are not safe for babies under two months.
• Apply the spray or lotion in well-ventilated areas to avoid breathing in too much.

Natural remedies to keep mosquitos away

Natural remedies are often cheaper on the pocket and a little friendlier on your skin. Certain plants release scents that naturally rebuff insects and mosquitoes. These include lemon eucalyptus, citronella grass, lavender, basil, and peppermint.

Essential oils can also help as natural repellents. Dilute these oils with water or a carrier oil and diffuse in the air:

• Lemon eucalyptus oil
• Tea tree oil
• Neem oil
• Lavender oil

Aim to keep your home mosquito-free by using mosquito nets over beds and windows. You could also install mesh screens on doors and windows, and be sure to remove stagnant water where mosquitoes breed (flowerpots, drains, buckets).

Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only. Always check with your doctor or medical practitioner about any health concerns, before embarking on any fitness or nutrition programme, or using any medication.