Diabetes in childhood
In the intricate tapestry of childhood, where giggles are woven with childish imagination and boundless energy, there exists a silent, often misunderstood intruder: diabetes. It’s a complex world of blood sugar levels, insulin injections and dietary calculations; confusing and challenging at times.
Childhood Diabetes is like an unexpected guest at a vibrant carnival, demanding attention, and diligence amidst this whirlwind of youthful exuberance.
Let’s learn more about how diabetes can crop up in childhood and how parents can help manage this often-complex condition.
How do children get Diabetes?
Children can develop Diabetes through different mechanisms and there are two main types of Diabetes that can affect them: Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Here's how each type can develop in children:
Type 1 diabetes
- Autoimmune response: Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition, which means the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
- Genetic predisposition: There is a genetic component to this type and children with a family history of the condition are at a slightly higher risk.
- Environmental triggers: While the exact cause is not fully understood, environmental factors such as viral infections may trigger the autoimmune response in genetically predisposed individuals.
- Childhood onset: Type 1 Diabetes often develops in childhood or adolescence, but it can occur at any age.
Type 2 diabetes
- Insulin resistance: Type 2 diabetes is about insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Over time, the pancreas may also produce less insulin.
- Obesity and lifestyle factors: In children, this type is becoming more prevalent, primarily due to the increasing rates of childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, can contribute to insulin resistance.
- Genetic factors: Family history and genetics play a role in Type 2 Diabetes risk, but lifestyle factors are often more significant in its development.
- Age of onset: While Type 2 Diabetes typically develops in adults, it is increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents, especially those with risk factors like obesity.
So, what can parents do?
Parents play a vital role in helping their children manage Diabetes effectively. Here are some important steps and strategies parents can take to support their child with Diabetes:
First and foremost, educate yourself as much as you can about Diabetes. Learn all there is to know, join support groups, watch videos, read all our articles on this blog! Understanding this condition is essential to providing effective support to your child.
Be mindful about never missing a medical check-up. Ensure that your child attends his or her regular screenings. These appointments are like safety checks where the doctor can monitor their blood sugar levels, adjust treatment plans, and address any side-effects.
Your child (and other family members and caregivers) must be well-versed on how to administer insulin or other medications. Make sure your child’s teacher knows about their condition to help prevent emergencies. If your child is going on a playdate, he must carry his medication with. Also, let the other parent know about his condition.
Help your child monitor their blood sugar levels regularly. Teach them how to use a glucose metre and understand the results. Make a schedule for checking blood sugar and keep records for healthcare providers to review. Maintain a consistent daily routine for meals, medication, and bedtime. Consistency can significantly help stabilise blood sugar levels.
Diabetes can be challenging but it’s also an opportunity to get everyone in the family onto a healthier eating plan and better lifestyle. Preparing well-balanced meals can go a long way to ensuring everyone is healthier. Spend some time learning about the best food options to create a balanced meal plan that suits your child's needs. Focus on complex carbohydrates for slow-release energy and watch those portion sizes.
Tip
As your child matures, gradually teach them self-management skills, including how to administer insulin, monitor blood sugar and make informed decisions about their Diabetes care. It’s also a good idea to develop and communicate an emergency plan for dealing with hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) and hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) episodes.
Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only. Always check with your doctor or medical practitioner about any health concerns, before embarking on any fitness or nutrition programme, or using any medication.